Find security flaws in any architecture effectively through emulation and fuzzing with QEMU and AFL

Key Features:

• Understand the vulnerability landscape and useful tools such as QEMU and AFL
• Explore use cases to find vulnerabilities and execute unknown firmware
• Create your own firmware emulation and fuzzing environment to discover vulnerabilities

Book Description:

Emulation and fuzzing are among the many techniques that can be used to improve cybersecurity; however, utilizing these efficiently can be tricky. Fuzzing Against the Machine is your hands-on guide to understanding how these powerful tools and techniques work. Using a variety of real-world use cases and practical examples, this book helps you grasp the fundamental concepts of fuzzing and emulation along with advanced vulnerability research, providing you with the tools and skills needed to find security flaws in your software.

The book begins by introducing you to two open source fuzzer engines: QEMU, which allows you to run software for whatever architecture you can think of, and American fuzzy lop (AFL) and its improved version AFL++. You'll learn to combine these powerful tools to create your own emulation and fuzzing environment and then use it to discover vulnerabilities in various systems, such as iOS, Android, and Samsung's Mobile Baseband software, Shannon. After reading the introductions and setting up your environment, you'll be able to dive into whichever chapter you want, although the topics gradually become more advanced as the book progresses.

By the end of this book, you'll have gained the skills, knowledge, and practice required to find flaws in any firmware by emulating and fuzzing it with QEMU and several fuzzing engines.

What You Will Learn:

• Understand the difference between emulation and virtualization
• Discover the importance of emulation and fuzzing in cybersecurity
• Get to grips with fuzzing an entire operating system
• Discover how to inject a fusser into proprietary firmware
• Know the difference between static and dynamic fuzzing
• Look into combining QEMU with AFL and AFL++
• Explore Fuzz peripherals such as modems
• Find out how to identify vulnerabilities in OpenWrt

Who this book is for:

This book is for security researchers, security professionals, embedded firmware engineers, and embedded software professionals. Learners interested in emulation, as well as software engineers interested in vulnerability research and exploitation, software testing, and embedded software development will also find it useful. The book assumes basic knowledge of programming (C and Python); operating systems (Linux and macOS); and the use of Linux shell, compilation, and debugging.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Foundations

Chapter 1: Who This Book is For

Chapter 2: History of Emulation

Chapter 3: QEMU From the Ground

Part 2: Emulation and Fuzzing

Chapter 4: QEMU Execution Modes and Fuzzing

Chapter 5: A Famous Refrain: AFL + QEMU = CVEs

Chapter 6: Modifying QEMU for Basic Instrumentation

Part 3: Advanced Concepts

Chapter 7: Real-Life Case Study: Samsung Exynos Baseband

Chapter 8: Case Study: OpenWrt Full-System Fuzzing

Chapter 9: Case Study: OpenWrt System Fuzzing for ARM

Chapter 10: Finally Here: iOS Full System Fuzzing

Chapter 11: Deus Ex Machina: Fuzzing Android Libraries

Chapter 12: Conclusion and Final Remarks

About the Authors

Antonio Nappa is an Application Analysis Team Leader at Zimperium Inc. He has been in the cybersecurity game since 17 years old. He holds a PhD in Software and Systems from the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies. He has been a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley. His contributions have been published and recognized in international peer-reviewed venues. Since the DEFCON 2008 Finals, he never goes to sleep with a segfault.

Eduardo Blázquez is a PhD student of the University Carlos III of Madrid. He has been working in the cybersecurity area since 2017, with interests in Reverse Engineering and Malware Analysis. Currently, he is doing a PhD thesis about Android Security, but in his spare time he likes to study different topics like program analysis or operating system internals, and from time to time he likes to play different wargames about software exploitation.